Skip to main content
European Commission
Knowledge4Policy (K4P)

Negotiating Trees and Trade: Women’s Agency, Capabilities and Value Chains for Tamarind and Coconut in Kenya

  • Publication | 2026

This paper examines how gender norms, informality and structural inequalities shape women's agency in tamarind and coconut value chains in Kenya, two tree-based forest and agroforestry products (TFAPs). Based on semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation in Kilifi, Makueni and Mombasa counties, the study finds that women play central roles in production, processing and trade but face persistent barriers: insecure land and tree tenure, restricted mobility, limited access to capital and male-dominated governance. Women respond through household negotiation, livelihood diversification, legal claims and collective action. Drawing on feminist economics, feminist political ecology and the capabilities approach, the authors call for women's rights in TFAP value chains to be clearly established, enforced and socially legitimised, and for institutional conditions that turn negotiation, entrepreneurship and collective action into economic assets.

Related reading
Privacy statements, terms and conditions.
You will be directed to the EU Login website where you can login/register as a user. Once connected, your credentials (First name, last name, username, email) will be registered in Knowledge4policy as part of your profile, which will allow you to get involved in all Knowledge4policy communities (help is available).

You are about to navigate to an external website. Please note that we are not responsible for its content.